So how do presidents of two powerful nations negotiate?
First we have to understand the 'Nothing Fights'.
Biologists observed this in Ant Societies. Here is the scenario.
Honeypot ants feast on foraging termites. Should two colonies come across the same cluster of these plump prey, the ants gather at a tournament site where the workers from each colony circle each other while s tanding high on their legs.
Generally, larger workers come from larger nests, and the size difference is an indicator of which team would win if the colonies fought each other. Once one group appears to be outsized, its workers retreat, and fast: The standoff only turns lethal if the big ants are able to track the small ones home.
Replace 'foraging termites' with oil and 'larger ant workers' with nuclear missiles that no one can use and it explains the standoffs.
Biologists explain the Economics:
One likely reason for the possibility of warfare in large societies, among both ants and humans, is simple economics. Big communities are more productive per capita: fewer resources are required to feed and house each individual. The outcome is a reserve labor force that can be quickly deployed as needed —in ants, typically as soldiers.
The excerpts are by Mark W. Moffett who shares a story that didn’t make it into his latest book “The Human Swarm: How Our Societies Arise, Thrive, and Fall,”
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-it-comes-waging-war-ants-humans-have-lot-common-180972169/
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Moffett concludes that with ants its 'all out war', 'nothing fights'. 'raids' or 'break camps'; there are no negotiations.
but if ants could and were to negotiate how would their leaders do it? It would be in a private conversation, on these lines.
Ant Leader 1: I want you to back off from Venezuela.
AL2: Why should I?
AL1: I'm the only friend you got in the USA.
AL2: Okay, you got it. What else?
AL1: I want the Iranian reserves.
AL2: How possible after stopping sales from my reserve?
AL1: Alright, I will allow the pipeline to Europe.
AL2: Okay, what else?
AL1: Tell the Iranians to 'behave' till 2020
AL2: That I can, but how will you turn 'hostile' Iran to 'friend'
AL1: Tariff, 'for' Iranian Oil. Details later.
AL2: Okay, all the best.