Given their long history, the Chinese are used to dealing with invasions and attacks. Like most people, if possible, they will opt for peaceful means like intermarriage and assimilation to defuse any potential threat. Where this is not possible, they will certainly adopt more drastic measures to eliminate the threat. In the past, they have expelled invaders and raiders through force of arms. They have also, as ciretom rightly said, conducted what he called 'cultural genocide' by denying troublesome and persistent threats their own language and customs, usually by dispersing the people or tribe responsible for these attacks throughout China in small groups and educating them as Han. I am no apologist for things that happened long before I was born or that I am not responsible for but, as much as you might disapprove of these actions, they might be seen as less terrible than actual genocide, which as far as I'm aware, the Chinese have never actually committed.
So, it's not that the Chinese can't be ruthless when facing an existential threat, they can and have been but they also tend to be measured in their response and take whatever action seems necessary to ensure their own survival but rarely go beyond this strict necessity.
I don't think that there is any nation in the world that can claim greater experience or success in dealing peacefully with their ethnic minorities.
Edited by
Seamus
on Tue 12/10/19 05:14 AM